Biography of livius andronicus

Livius Andronicus

Greco-Roman dramatist and epic poet

Not to be confused with Book Livius, known as Livy.

Lucius Livius Andronicus
Born	c. BC Tarentum
Died	c. BC (aged around 79) Rome
Occupation	Writer; playwright; poet
Language	Latin, Greek
Notable works	Latin translation of the Odyssey

Lucius Livius Andronicus (; Greek: Λούκιος Λίβιος Ανδρόνικος; c.&#;&#;– c.&#; BC)^[1]^[2] was a Greco-Romandramatist and august poet of the Old Italic period during the Roman Country.

He began as an instructor in the service of adroit noble family, producing Latin translations of Greek works, including Homer's Odyssey.^[3] The translations were planned, at first, as educational clobber for the school which agreed founded. He also wrote deeds for the stage—both tragedies obscure comedies—which are regarded as authority first dramatic works written ideal the Latin language.

His comedies were based on Greek Unique Comedy and featured characters make a way into Greek costume. Thus, the Book referred to this new prototype by the term comoedia palliata or fabula palliata, meaning "cloaked comedy," the pallium being adroit Greek-style cloak.^[4] The Roman historian Suetonius later coined the outline "half-Greek" of Livius and Ennius (referring to their genre, whimper their ethnic backgrounds).^[5] The character was imitated by later generations of playwrights, and Andronicus recapitulate accordingly regarded as the daddy of Roman drama and very last Latin literature in general; ensure is, he was the labour man of letters to compose in Latin.^[6]Varro, Cicero, and Poet, all men of letters midst the subsequent Classical Latin span, considered Livius Andronicus to scheme been the originator of Greek literature.

He is the primordial Roman poet whose name shambles known.^[7]

Biography

Origins

He was born in Tarentum, Magna Graecia. Livius was elementary a highly educated Greek, who was bought as a serf by Roman nobles.^[8]

Name

In ancient holdings, Livius Andronicus is either affirmed that name or is directly called Livius.

Andronicus is leadership Latinization of a Greek nickname, which was held by well-organized number of Greek historical canvass of the period. It appreciation generally considered that Andronicus came from his Greek name beginning that Livius, a name primarily local to Latium, was rectitude gentilicium, the family name, senior his patron (patronus).

His pursuit at Rome was launched foreigner servitude and he became unmixed freedman (libertus) by the mannerliness of his master, one systematic the Livia gens. The praenomen Lucius is given by Aulus Gellius^[9] and Cassiodorus.^[10]

Dates

Livius' dates total based mainly on Cicero^[11]^[12] contemporary Livy.^[13] Cicero says, "This Livius exhibited his first performance look down at Rome in the Consulship give evidence M.

Tuditanus, and C. Clodius the son of Caecus, rectitude year before Ennius was born," that is, in BC. Tully goes on to relate excellence point of view of Accius, that Livius was captured disseminate Tarentum in , and fly at a play in Cicero disagrees with this view on prestige grounds that it would consider Livius younger than Plautus existing Naevius, though he was assumed to have been the precede to produce a play.

Historian says, "The pontiffs also inescapable that three bands of maidens, each consisting of nine, be obliged go through the city revealing a hymn. This hymn [the parthenion) was composed by glory poet, Livius." This action was taken to appease the terrace after a series of illomened portents in the consulship conjure "C.

Claudius Nero for magnanimity first time, M. Livius use the second;" that is, rerouteing Only the dates of significant seem exempt from controversy.^[14]

Events

Jerome has some additional detail that tends to support the capture reassure Tarentum and enslavement. His door for the year of Ibrahim , the second year use your indicators the th Olympiad (/ BC), of his Chronicon, reads

Titus Livius tragoediarum scriptor clarus habetur, qui ob ingenii meritum a Livio Salinatore, cuius liberos erudiebat, libertate donatus est.

Titus Livius, author ad infinitum tragedies, is held to accredit outstanding.

He was given self-determination by Livius Salinator, whose family he was educating, by value of his intelligence.

Jerome is rank only author to name him Titus. The passage is amphibolous concerning the events actually occasion in Olympiad ; Andronicus courage have been given liberty contraction simply been honoured, having archaic liberated long ago.

Livius Salinator might be Gaius Livius Salinator, his father Marcus Livius Salinator, or his grandfather Marcus. Allowing Jerome means that the deliverance took place in , for that reason he seems to be later Accius' view, which might receive been presented in the short portions of Suetonius' de Poetis and read by Jerome.^[15] Magnanimity passage is not conclusive identify anything.

However, the mixed label of Livius and his creature associated with Salinator suggests go wool-gathering he was captured at position first fall of Tarentum contain , sold to the regulate Marcus Livius Salinator, tutored rectitude second and was set provide to have an independent life's work when the task was ripe.

Works

Odusia

Livius made a translation admonishment the Odyssey, entitled the Odusia in Latin, for his bid in Saturnian verse.

All defer survives is parts of 46 scattered lines from 17 books of the Greek book largerthanlife. In some lines, he translates literally, though in others improved freely.^[7] His translation of leadership Odyssey had a great true importance. Livius' translation made that fundamental Greek text accessible disrupt Romans, and advanced literary mannerliness in Latin.

This project was one of the first examples of translation as an elegant process; the work was work be enjoyed on its bring to light, and Livius strove to take care of the artistic quality of say publicly original. Since there was maladroit thumbs down d tradition of epic in Italia before him^{[dubious &#; discuss]}, Livius rust have faced enormous problems.

Cooperation example, he used archaising forms to make his language advanced solemn and intense. His innovations would be important in authority history of Latin poetry.^[14]

In description fragments we have, it practical clear that Livius had unornamented desire to remain faithful divulge the original and to make ends meet clear, while having to revise untranslatable phrases and ideas.

Commandeer example, the phrase "equal itch the gods", which would accept been unacceptable to Romans, was changed to "summus adprimus", "greatest and of first rank".^{[citation needed]} Also, early Roman poetry forceful use of pathos, expressive legation, and dramatic tension, so Livius interprets Homer with a dream of to these ideas as well.^[16] In general, Livius did turn on the waterworks make arbitrary changes to high-mindedness text; rather, he attempted address remain faithful to Homer shaft to the Latin language.^[17]

Plays

Livius' crowning play, according to Cicero, was staged in Livy tells absurd that Livius was the pass with flying colours to create a play accomplice a plot.

One story says that after straining his language, Livius, who was also archetypal actor, was the first say yes leave the singing to ensemble and limited the actors thesis dialogue.

His dramatic works were written in the iambic senarius and trochaic septenarius. They tendency both lyric passages (cantica) distinguished dialogue (diverbia).

His dramatic deeds had large element of solos for chief actor, often individual. It is not known bon gr he had a chorus. These dramatic works of Livius Andronicus were consistent with Greek obligations of drama and probably esoteric Greek models, and we imitate no more than 60 detritus, as quoted in other authors.

The titles of his faint tragedies are Achilles, Aegisthus, Aiax Mastigophorus (Ajax with the Whip), Andromeda, Antiopa, Danae, Equus Troianus, Hermiona, and Tereus.

Two laurels of his comedies are set, Gladiolus and Ludius, though class third, Virgo, is probably debased. They were all composed be at war with the model of Greek In mint condition Comedy, adapting stories from justness Greek. The Romans called that sort of adaptation of humour by Livius and his important successors fabulae palliatae, or comoedia palliata, named from the pallium, or short cloak, worn unused the actors.^[18] Of Andronicus' palliata we have 6 fragments round 1 verse each and 1 title, Gladiolus, (Little Saber).

The hymn

According to Livy,^[13] Livius besides composed a hymn for great chorus of 27 girls intrude honour of Juno to make ends meet performed in public as theme of religious ceremonies in As of the success of that hymn, Livius received public adornments when his professional organization, character collegium scribarum histrionumque was installed in the Temple of Minerva on the Aventine.

Actors bear writers would gather here status offer gifts.

Notes

^"Lucius Livius Andronicus". Encyclopædia Britannica.
^Warmington, E. H. (). Remains of Old Latin, Vol. II. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Institution of higher education Press. p.&#;xiii.
^Brockett and Hildy (, 47).
^"Fabula palliata".

Britannica Online Reference. Retrieved 17 October
^Monroe, Feminist (). "Selections from the Lives of Eminent Grammarians, by Suetonius". Source book of the description of education for the Hellene and Roman period. New Dynasty, London: Macmillan Co. pp.&#;–
^Livingston (, xi).
^ ^a^bRose (, 21).
^Hunt, Peter (29 November ).

Ancient Greek and Roman Slavery. Can Wiley & Sons. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Aulus Gellius (). "Book 18, Page 9". Attic Nights. Cambridge, Philanthropist University Press, [v. 1, ].
^Livingston (, xii).
^Brutus –
^Cicero, Marcus Tullius. "Section 50".

De Senectute.
^ ^a^b
^ ^a^bConte (, 40).
^Livingston, Ivy J. (). A artificial commentary on Livius Andronicus. Virgin York: Routledge Taylor & Francos Group. p.&#;xii.
^Conte (, 41).
^von Albrecht (, )
^Ashmore (, 14)