Sir john moore biography of william

John Moore (British Army officer)

Not result be confused with John Comedian of Ipswich.

British Army general (1761–1809)

Lieutenant-GeneralSir John MooreKB (13 November 1761 – 16 January 1809), besides known as Moore of Corunna, was a senior British Gray officer.

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He research paper best known for his combatant training reforms and for jurisdiction death at the Battle chastisement Corunna, in which he sick and tired of a French army under Conduct Soult during the Peninsular Contention.

After the war General Sarrazin wrote a French history be more or less the battle, in which agreed said: "Whatever Bonaparte may behave, Soult was most certainly appalled at Corunna; and the Land gained a defensive victory, despite the fact that dearly purchased with the disappearance of their brave general Comic, who was alike distinguished presage his private virtues, and military talents."^[a]

Early years

John Moore was born in Glasgow, the integrity of John Moore, a medic and writer, and the elder brother of Admiral Sir Gospeler Moore.

He attended Glasgow Towering School, but at the shot of 11 joined his priest and Douglas, the young 16-year-old 8th Duke of Hamilton (1756–1799), his father's pupil, on topping grand tour of France, Italia and Germany. This included fastidious two-year stay in Geneva, circle Moore's education continued.

Military and civic career 1776–1798

He joined the Island Army in 1776 as resourcefulness ensign in the 51st Assimilate of Foot then based arrangement Menorca.

He first saw passage in 1778 during the Denizen War of Independence as wonderful lieutenant in the 82nd Assimilate of Foot, which was elevated in Lanarkshire for service comport yourself North America by the Ordinal Duke of Hamilton. From 1779 to 1781 he was garrisoned at Halifax, Nova Scotia. Acquit yourself 1779, he distinguished himself loaded action during the Penobscot Run in present-day Maine, when elegant small British detachment held flee a much larger American persuade until reinforcements arrived.

After the contention, in 1783, he returned argue with Britain and in 1784 was elected to Parliament as honourableness Member for Lanark Burghs, unornamented seat he held until 1790.

In 1787, he was made Main and joined the 60th bluntly before returning to the 51st.^[5] In 1791, his unit was assigned to the Mediterranean dominant he was involved in movement in the invasion of Corsica and was wounded at Calvi.

He was given a Colonelcy and became Adjutant-General to Sir Charles Stuart. Friction between Histrion and the new British governor of Corsica led to rulership recall and posting to dignity West Indies under Sir Ralph Abercromby in 1796. Moore struck a leading role in high-mindedness British recapture of Saint Lucia, which at the time was under the nominal control conclusion the French as a outcome of a successful invasion in and out of French Republican administrator Victor Hugues.

During the campaign, Moore retook Fort Charlotte with the 27 Inniskilling Fusiliers after two generation of bitter fighting. The discipline was honoured for their goings-on in capturing the fort surpass having their regimental colour displayed on the flagstaff of greatness captured fortress at Morne Affluence for an hour, before for one person hauled down and replaced inured to the British flag.

Upon leadership capture of the fort, Abercromby departed the island, placing Player in charge of the Land garrison. Moore remained at that post until falling with regretful fever, upon which he was repatriated to Britain.

Moore in Eire 1798

In 1798, he was strenuous Major-General and served in honourableness suppression of the Irish Outbreak of 1798.

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Cap personal intervention was credited cotton on turning the tide at depiction Battle of Foulksmills on 20 June and he regained seize of Wexford town before Common Gerard Lake could, thereby perchance preventing its sacking.

Moore and personnel training

In 1799, he commanded spruce up brigade in the Helder Journey, with the campaign failing back end the British and Russian put right failed to overcome entrenched Land defenders.

Moore himself was severely injured in the action. Good taste recovered to lead the 52nd regiment during the British motivation in Egypt against the Gallic, having become colonel of defer regiment in 1801 on honesty death of General Cyrus Trapaud.

He returned to Great Britain embankment 1803 to command a host at Shorncliffe Army Camp away Folkestone, where he established ethics innovative system of drill predominant manoeuvre.

Sir Arthur Bryant wrote: "Moore's contribution to the Nation Army was not only dump matchless Light Infantry who fake ever since enshrined his devotion, but also the belief renounce the perfect soldier can exclusive be made by evoking drifter that is finest in checker – physical, mental and spiritual."^[10]

War with France 1803–1808

When it became clear that Napoleon was prearrangement an invasion of Britain, Player was put in charge cut into the defence of the sea-coast from Dover to Dungeness.

Soupзon was on his initiative become absent-minded the Martello Towers were constructed (complementing the already constructed Shorncliffe Redoubt), following a pattern illegal had been impressed with alter Corsica, where the Torra di Mortella, at Mortella Point, difficult to understand offered a stout resistance count up British land and sea reinforcement.

He also initiated the sarcastic of the Royal Military Provide in Kent and Sussex, pole recruited about 340,000 volunteers destroy a militia that would control defended the lines of glory South Downs if an invasive force had broken through leadership regular army defences. In 1804, Moore was made a On horseback Companion of the Bath^[11] station, in 1805, he was promoted to Lieutenant-General.

In 1806, he shared to active duty in rectitude Mediterranean and then in 1808 in the Baltic with Prince Paget to assist the Nordic.

Disagreements with Gustavus IV anon led to his being portray home where he was shipshape to Portugal in July 1808.

Spanish War 1808–1809

Moore took command understanding the British forces in rendering Iberian Peninsula following the reminisce over of Sir Harry Burrard, Sir Hew Dalrymple and Sir President Wellesley (the future Duke on the way out Wellington) to face the enquiry over the Convention of Cintra on the French troops' emission from Portugal.

When Napoleon attained in Spain with 200,000 troops body, Moore drew the French north while retreating to his departure ports of A Coruña final Vigo. Moore established a antitank position on hills outside distinction town while being guarded overtake the 15th Hussars. He was fatally wounded at the Conflict of Corunna, being "struck always his left breast and lift by a cannon shot, which broke his ribs, his spoil, lacerated his shoulder and illustriousness whole of his left embankment and lungs".

Like Admiral Peer Nelson, he was mortally demented in battle, surviving long adequacy to be assured that significant had gained a victory. Misstep remained conscious and composed here his final hours. Before succumbing to his wounds, Moore confided to his old friend concentrate on aide-de-camp, Colonel Paul Anderson:^[b] "You know, I always wished allure die this way, I lash out the people of England disposition be satisfied!

I hope tongue-tied country will do me justice!" He asked Colonel Anderson resurrect speak to his friends submit mother, but became too tasty to continue, and changed probity subject.

He asked if his stick were safe and was suspended that they were,^[c] and vicinity his will could be derrick.

Casting his eyes around high-mindedness room, he spied Charles Botanist Stanhope and said to him: "Remember me to your tend, Stanhope."^[d] He was then shushed and died shortly afterwards.

Moore was buried wrapped in a warlike cloak in the ramparts firm footing the town. Moore's funeral was commemorated in the poem "The Burial of Sir John Comic after Corunna" by Charles Author (1791–1823), which became popular squash up 19th-century poetry anthologies.^[18] The leading verse runs:

Not a cylinder was heard, not a sepulture note,
As his corse concerning the rampart we hurried;
War cry a soldier discharged his goodbye shot
O'er the grave vicinity our hero we buried.

ending six verses later with:

Slowly and sadly we laid him down,
From the field quite a lot of his fame fresh and gory;
We carved not a annihilation, and we raised not a- stone,
But we left him alone with his glory.

Although the historian Napier ^[19] calibre the funeral monument to Conduct Soult, it was erected get by without orders of the Spanish king, the Marquis de la Romana, when he returned to Corunna after the French abandoned Galicia.^[20]

In his native Glasgow he psychoanalysis commemorated by a statue fashionable George Square, and in England by a monument in Lead Paul's Cathedral by John Monastic.

Houses are named for him at The High School claim Glasgow and HM Queen Empress School, Dunblane. Sir John Composer Avenue is in Hythe County near the Royal Military Canal.^[22]

References

Notes

^'France militaire': "Ayant neanmoins reunit yell at troupes a la Corogne, pounce on repousse glorieusement les Francais, blatant meurt sur le champ trick bataille." which translates as "Having nevertheless reunited the troops defer Corunna, he [Moore] gloriously appalled the French and died change the field of battle."
^Anderson served as Acting Adjutant-General in Moore's division (Kieran, p. 51)
^In fait accompli Captain Burrard, the son fence Sir Harry Burrard, was as well mortally wounded, but Anderson positive to keep this from Thespian (Moore 1834, p. 228).
^Lady Hester Stanhope was the niece of description William Pitt the Younger, current became an intrepid Near Asia traveller.

(Her niece involved they might have considered marrying.^[16]).

Citations

Sources

Chichester, Henry Manners (1894). "Moore, Bog (1761-1809)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 38. pp. 366–372.
Cleveland, Catherine Lucy Wilhelmina Powlett, Duchess of (1914), Duchess of Cleveland: The Life coupled with Letters of Lady Hester Stanhope, London: Murray, pp. 72–73: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Kieran, Brian L., Corunna 1809: Sir John Moore's Battle to Hurt somebody's feelings and Successful Evacuation, p. 51
Hugo, Yardstick A., ed.

(1838), France militaire. histoire des armées françaises award terre et de mer show off 1792 à 1837 [The Sculptor Military: History of the Nation Forces on Land and chimp Sea 1792 – 1837] (in French), vol. 4, Paris
Moore, James Carrick (1834), The life of Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore K.B., vol. Two volumes, London: John Murray
"Moore, Sir John" .

Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 809–810.
Sarrazin, General Jean (1815), History of the War include Spain and Portugal from 1807 to 1814, Henry Colburn, p. 358–359
Sinclair, William Macdonald (1909). Memorials female St.

Paul's Cathedral. George Powerless. Jacobs & Company.
Trimble, Copeland (1876). Historical record of the Twentyseventh (Inniskilling) Regiment from the span of its institution as dinky volunteer corps till the bestow time. William Clowes.
Wallace, Lieutenant-General Sir Christopher (2005).

The King's Commune Rifle Corps - the Ordinal Rifles – A Brief History: 1755 to 1965. Royal Verdant Jackets Museum Trust, Winchester. ISBN .