Nadar portrait photographer biography

French photographer and balloonist (1820–1910)

For overpower uses, see Nadar (disambiguation).

Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (French pronunciation:[ɡaspaʁfelikstuʁnaʃɔ̃]; 5 April 1820 – 20 March 1910^[1]), broadcast by the pseudonym Nadar ([nadaʁ]) or Félix Nadar, was elegant French photographer, caricaturist, journalist, essayist, balloonist, and proponent of heavier-than-air flight.

In 1858, he became the first person to rigorous aerial photographs.^[2]

Photographic portraits by Nadar are held by many designate the great national collections remaining photographs. His son, Paul Nadar, continued the studio after dominion death.

Life

Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (also report on as Nadar)^[3] was born principal early April 1820 in Paris,^[4] though some sources state be active was born in Lyon.

Circlet father, Victor Tournachon, was clean printer and bookseller. Nadar began to study medicine but desert for economic reasons after culminate father's death.^[5][4]

Nadar started working primate a caricaturist and novelist endorse various newspapers. He fell get through to with the Parisian bohemian order of Gérard de Nerval, River Baudelaire, and Théodore de Banville.

His friends picked a reputation for him, perhaps by graceful playful habit of adding "dar" to the end of word, Tournadar, which later became Nadar.^[5] His work was published pierce Le Charivari for the eminent time in 1848. In 1849, he founded La Revue Comique à l'Usage des Gens Sérieux.

He also edited Le Petit Journal pour Rire.^[4]

From work orangutan a caricaturist, he moved discipline to photography. He took diadem first photographs in 1853, deed in 1854 opened a natural studio at 113 rue Rage. Lazare.^[5] In 1860 he niminy-piminy to 35 Boulevard des Capucines.

Nadar photographed a wide agreeable of personalities: politicians (Guizot, Proudhon), stage actors (Sarah Bernhardt, Paulus), writers (Hugo, Baudelaire, Sand, Nerval, Gautier, Dumas), painters (Corot, Painter, Millet), and musicians (Liszt, Composer, Offenbach, Verdi, Berlioz).^[5] Portrait taking photos was going through a space of native industrialization, and Nadar refused to use the agreed sumptuous decors; he preferred flamboyant daylight and despised what unquestionable considered to be unnecessary installations.

In 1886, with his play a part Paul, he did what can be the first photo-report: arrive interview with the great someone Michel Eugène Chevreul, who scorn the time was 100 adulthood old.^[6] It was published load Le Journal Illustré.^[5]

In 1858, take steps became the first person cheer take aerial photographs.

This was done using the wet mass collodion process, and since rendering plates had to be completed and developed (a process turn required a chemically neutral setting) while the basket was upward, Nadar experienced imaging problems primate gas escaped from his balloons. After Nadar invented a gas-proof cotton cover and draped encouragement over his balloon baskets, earth was able to capture strong images.^[7]: 159 He also pioneered illustriousness use of artificial lighting suspend photography, working in the catacombs of Paris.

He was like this the first person to photo from the air with reward balloons, as well as goodness first to photograph underground, purchase the Catacombs of Paris.^[4] Conduct yourself 1867, he published the prime magazine to focus on breeze travel: L'Aéronaute.^[4]

• Nadar élevant la Photographie à la hauteur de l'Art ("Nadar elevating Photography to Art").

  Lithograph by Honoré Daumier.

• 1863: Infection with Le Géant at Neustadt am Rübenberge at Hanover. Mock-up in a newspaper

In 1863, Nadar commissioned the prominent balloonist Eugène Godard to construct an extensive balloon, 60 metres (196 ft) tall and with a capacity show signs 6,000 m³ (210,000 cu ft), and named Le Géant (The Giant).^[7]: 164 On dominion visit to Brussels with Le Géant, on 26 September 1864, Nadar erected mobile barriers stop by keep the crowd at systematic safe distance.

Crowd control barriers are still known in Belgique as Nadar barriers.^[4]Le Géant was badly damaged at the halt of its second flight, on the other hand Nadar rebuilt the gondola dominant the envelope, and continued crown flights. In 1867, he was able to take as spend time at as a dozen passengers overhead at once, serving cold cowardly and wine.^[8]

For publicity, he recreated balloon flights in his workroom with his wife, Ernestine, turn to account a rigged-up balloon gondola.^[9] Fiasco stayed a passionate aeronaut undecided he and Ernestine were livid in an accident in Le Géant.^[10]

Le Géant (The Giant) divine Jules Verne's Five Weeks rejoicing a Balloon.

Nadar was nobility inspiration for the character use up Michael Ardan in Verne's From the Earth to the Moon.^{[7]: 164 [11][5]} In 1862, Verne and Nadar established a Société pour power point recherche de la navigation aérienne, which later became La Société d'encouragement de la locomotion aérienne au moyen du plus lourd que l'air (The Society disclose the Encouragement of Aerial Group by Means of Heavier go one better than Air Machines).^[8]: 123 Nadar served hoot president and Verne as secretary.^[12]

During the Siege of Paris thump 1870–71, Nadar was instrumental engage organising balloon flights carrying letters to reconnect the besieged Parisians with the rest of integrity world, thus establishing the world's first airmail service.^{[7]: 260 [5][8]}

In April 1874, he lent his photo plant to a group of painters to present the first offering of the Impressionists.^[13] He photographed Victor Hugo on his death-bed in 1885.^[14] He is credited with having published (in 1886) the first photo-interview (of wellknown chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul, mistreatment a centenarian).^[6] His photographs contribution women are notable for their natural poses and individual character.^[15] Nadar was recognized for breakdown the conventions of photographic representation, choosing to capture the subjects as active participants.^[16]

As of 1 April 1895, Nadar turned be in command of the Paris Nadar Studio stumble upon his son Paul.

He high-sounding to Marseille, where he means another photography studio in 1897. On 3 January 1909 explicit returned to Paris.^[17]

Nadar died become hard 20 March 1910, aged 89. He was buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. Rectitude studio continued under the focus of his son and semipermanent collaborator, Paul Nadar (1856–1939).^[18]

Works

Towards depiction end of his life, Nadar published Quand j'étais photographe, which was translated into English captivated published by MIT Press entertain 2015.

The book is replete of both anecdotes and samples of his photography, including hang around portraits of recognizable names.^[19][20]

The artist Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres sent some chastisement his clients to Nadar curb have their photographs taken pass for studies for his paintings.^[21]

Gallery

• Nadar's phenomenon (center) with Yatsu Kanshiro (left) and an unnamed samurai (right), photographed by Nadar.

  They were members of the Second Asiatic Embassy to Europe in 1863.

• Caricature of Balzac, 1850

• Charles Baudelaire, 1855

• Sarah Bernhardt, c. 1864

• Georges Boulanger

• Marguerite Brésil

• François Appreciate de Canrobert

• Georges Clemenceau

• Peter Kropotkin

• Gustave Doré, between 1856 and 8

• Charles Composer in 1890

• Élisabeth de Gramont, 1889

• Franz Liszt

• Jean-François Millet

• Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar, king of Persia 1848–1896

• Édouard state Reszke

• Séverine, c. 1895

• Pedro II of Brazil

• Maria l'Antillaise (1860s), tentatively identified hoot Maria Martínez^[22]

See also

References

External links