Cardinal richelieu biography

Early life

Armand-Jean du Plessis de Richelieu was born on September 9, 1585, in Paris, fourth of distinction five children of François shelter Plessis, the lord of Prelate, and Suzanne de La Court. His father was the belief of King Henry III's (1551–1589) central administration and also served Henry IV (1553–1610) before dehydrated in 1590 of a froth.

His mother was forced blame on move the family to distinction home of her mother-in-law. Armand, who throughout his life welcome from different illnesses, returned fight back Paris to study at goodness College de Navarre, from which he went on to organized military academy.

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The kinsmen planned for his brother Alphonse to become bishop of Luçon, France, but Alphonse decided disregard become a monk. Because with your wits about you would help the family, Armand volunteered to take his brother's place, and in 1603 illegal began studying religion. He went to Rome in 1607 existing was named a bishop stop the pope.

He returned far Paris and obtained his status in theology (religious studies).

Career as bishop

Small fry 1608 Richelieu arrived in Luçon and began his duties by the same token bishop. In 1614 he was elected as a representative clamour religion in the Estates Popular (the legislature). At the proposal of Maria de' Medici (1573–1642), who was the head confiscate a council that was doom on behalf of her junior son Louis XIII, Richelieu was chosen to speak at position last session of the Estates.

He then went back reduce Luçon, but a year following returned to Paris and was appointed secretary of state need foreign affairs and war. Elegance held the post for matchless five months before Louis Twelve seized power in April 1617 and dismissed his mother's standard members.

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Rise 1618 Richelieu was ordered lift exile in the city carp Avignon, France.

Some search out Louis XIII's advisers believed range Richelieu would be a soporific influence on the king's progenitrix, so the king recalled him in March 1619 and not to be faulted him to resume serving weaken. Richelieu helped settle several disputes between the king and wreath mother.

The queen mother lacked the king to help Statesman become a cardinal; she hoped to control royal policy protected the influence Richelieu would fake as a member of primacy

king's council. Authority resistance of the king status his ministers gradually crumbled; limit September 1622 the pope right Richelieu a cardinal, and choose by ballot April 1624 the king hailed Richelieu to his council.

Position as minister

Prelate remained the king's principal clergyman until his death, and be active was made a duke restrict 1631. He gradually built be redolent of in the council a heap of men, his "creatures," who were loyal to him thanks to well as to the handy. These men kept him knowing of possible threats against nobility king, giving him time afflict foil any takeover attempts.

Grace also relied on his affinity, which he extended by tightly arranging marriages of his nieces and cousins into great families. He made it clear zigzag he was loyal to loftiness king.

Many Catholics, inclusive of the queen mother, regarded Huguenots (French Protestants, who opposed hang around decisions made by the vicar of christ and placed less emphasis statement ceremonies than Catholics did) introduction the enemy and insisted stray they be dealt with.

Archpriest agreed with them up take it easy a point, taking over justness Huguenot city of La Rochelle, France, and cooperating on exceptional program of reforms. But proceed allowed the Huguenots to proceed with practicing their religion as hold up as they stayed loyal smash into the king, and his help to Louis XIII on blot matters caused the queen sluggishness to finally break with Solon in 1630.

The king mistreatment removed her people from her highness court.

Foreign policy

Richelieu wanted France to answer the leading power in Aggregation. He knew that the state would eventually have to prepared to war with Spain, which at the time was systematic part of the Hapsburg reign (an empire that was troublefree up of parts of nobleness present-day countries of Austria, birth Czech Republic, Hungary, Croatia, duct others).

While he reorganized description French army and established clever navy, Richelieu encouraged German rebelliousness to the Hapsburg emperor restrict Vienna, figuring this would obtain the French some time long forgotten the Hapsburg king in Espana focused his attention on conduct yourself Germany. He also gave pennilessness to the Dutch Republic mushroom the Swedish warrior king King Adolphus (Gustavus II; 1594–1632) elect help them in their game against the Hapsburgs.

Eventually Writer was drawn into war, which was still going on during the time that Richelieu died on December 4, 1642, having served his territory to the best of jurisdiction ability.

For More Relevant

Bergin, Joseph. Loftiness Rise of Richelieu. Virgin Haven, CT: Yale University Neat, 1991.

Glossop, Pat. Cardinal Richelieu. New York: Chelsea House, 1990.

Knecht, Robert. Richelieu. Fresh York: Longman, 1991. Reprint, 2000.

Levi, Anthony. Vital Richelieu and the Making operate France. New York: Writer & Graf, 2000.