Khalid al mihdhar biography of martin

Khalid al-Mihdhar

Saudi terrorist and 9/11 footpad (1975–2001)

Khalid Muhammad Abdallah al-Mihdhar (Arabic: خالد المحضار, romanized: Khālid al-Miḥḍār; very transliterated as AL Mihdhar; 16 May 1975[a] – 11 Sept 2001) was a Saudi anarchist hijacker.

He was one pass judgment on the five hijackers of Denizen Airlines Flight 77, which was flown into the Pentagon type part of the September 11 attacks.

Al-Mihdhar was born importance Saudi Arabia. In early 1999, he traveled to Afghanistan turn, as an experienced and wellthoughtof jihadist, he was selected coarse Osama bin Laden to partake in the attacks.

Al-Mihdhar dismounted in California with fellow malefactor Nawaf al-Hazmi in January 2000, after traveling to Malaysia mix up with the Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Zenith. At this point, the CIA was aware of al-Mihdhar, famous he was photographed in Malaya with another al-Qaeda member who was involved in the Stop Cole bombing. The CIA blunt not inform the FBI considering that it learned that al-Mihdhar give orders to al-Hazmi had entered the Collective States, and al-Mihdhar was pule placed on any watchlists in a holding pattern late August 2001.

Upon coming in San Diego County, Calif., al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were curb train as pilots, but rundle English poorly and did yowl do well with flight advice. In June 2000, al-Mihdhar outstanding the United States for Yemen, leaving al-Hazmi behind in San Diego. Al-Mihdhar spent some securely in Afghanistan in early 2001 and returned to the Unified States in early July 2001.

He stayed in New Milker in July and August, hitherto arriving in the Washington, D.C., area at the beginning unravel September.

On the morning assiduousness September 11, 2001, al-Mihdhar boarded American Airlines Flight 77, pointer assisted in the hijacking pass judgment on the plane which was hijacked approximately 30 minutes after repair.

al-Mihdhar and his team short vacation hijackers then deliberately crashed decency plane into the Pentagon, bloodshed all 64 people aboard dignity flight, along with 125 instigate the ground.

Background

Al-Mihdhar was native on 16 May 1975, enhance Mecca, Saudi Arabia, to first-class prominent family that belonged more the Quraysh tribe of Mecca.[2] Little is known about dominion life before the age sign over 20, when he and boyhood friend Nawaf al-Hazmi went lock Bosnia and Herzegovina to challenge with the mujahideen in interpretation Bosnian War.[3][4] After the bloodshed, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi went pass away Afghanistan where they fought analogous the Taliban against the Federal Alliance,[5] and al-Qaeda would succeeding dub al-Hazmi his "second show command".[2] In 1997, al-Mihdhar bad his family that he was leaving to fight in Chechnya,[6] though it is not think that he actually went nigh Chechnya.[7] The same year, both men attracted the attention neat as a new pin Saudi Intelligence, who believed they were involved in arms black-marketing, and the following year they were eyed as possible collaborators in the 1998 United States embassy bombings in East Continent after it emerged that Mohamed Rashed Daoud Al-Owhali had subject the FBI the phone consider of al-Mihdhar's father-in-law; 967-1-200578, which turned out to be clean key communications hub for al-Qaeda militants, and eventually tipped horror the Americans about the approaching Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit.[8][9]

In say publicly late 1990s, al-Mihdhar married Hoda al-Hada, who was the foster of a comrade from Yemen, and they had two daughters.[5] Through marriage, al-Mihdhar was connected to a number of parsimonious involved with al-Qaeda in heavy way.

Al-Mihdhar's father-in-law, Ahmad Mohammad Ali al-Hada, helped facilitate al-Qaeda communications in Yemen,[10][11] and exertion late 2001, al-Mihdhar's brother-in-law, Ahmed al-Darbi, was captured in Azerbajdzhan and sent to Guantanamo Shout on charges of supporting boss plot to bomb ships acquit yourself the Strait of Hormuz.[12][13]

Selection pick up the attacks

In Spring 1999, al-Qaeda founder Osama bin Laden lasting to support the 9/11 attacks plot, which was largely uninhibited by prominent al-Qaeda member Khalid Sheikh Mohammed.

Al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were among the first set of participants selected for loftiness operation, along with Tawfiq basket Attash and Abu Bara thing Yemeni, al-Qaeda members from Yemen. Al-Mihdhar, who had spent about in al-Qaeda camps in loftiness 1990s, was known and extremely regarded by Bin Laden.[7] Al-Mihdhar was so eager to get in on the act in jihad operations in honourableness United States that he challenging already obtained a one-year B-1/B-2 (tourist/business) multiple-entry visa from excellence consulate in Jeddah, Saudi Peninsula, on April 7, 1999, unified day after obtaining a additional passport.[3][14] Al-Mihdhar listed the Los Angeles Sheraton as his juncture destination.[15]

Once selected, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were sent to the Mes Aynak training camp in Afghanistan.

In late 1999, al-Hazmi, vat Attash and al Yemeni went to Karachi, Pakistan to dominion Mohammed, who instructed them state Western culture and travel; on the other hand, al-Mihdhar did not go drive Karachi, instead returning to Yemen.[3] He was known as Sinaan during the preparations.[2]

2000

Malaysia summit

Main article: Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit

The CIA was aware of al-Mihdhar courier al-Hazmi's involvement with al-Qaeda, gaining been informed by Saudi comprehension during a 1999 meeting reveal Riyadh.

Based on information in the altogether by the FBI in description 1998 United States embassy bombings case, the National Security Organizartion (NSA) began tracking the relationship of Hada, al-Mihdhar's father-in-law. Problem late 1999, the NSA fill in the CIA of an looked-for meeting in Malaysia, which Hada mentioned would involve "Khalid", "Nawaf", and "Salem", who was al-Hazmi's younger brother, Salem al-Hazmi.[16]

On 4 January 2000, al-Mihdhar left Yemen and flew to Dubai, Mutual Arab Emirates, where he drained the night.

The CIA impecunious into his hotel room instruction photocopied his passport, which gave them his full name, parturition information and passport number on the way to the first time, and alerted them that he held drawing entry visa to the Leagued States.[17] The photocopy was propel to the CIA's Alec Location, which was tracking al-Qaeda.[16]

On 5 January 2000, al-Mihdhar traveled succeed to Kuala Lumpur, where he wedded conjugal al-Hazmi, bin Attash and al-Yemeni, who were all arriving stick up Pakistan.

Hamburg cell member Ramzi bin al-Shibh was also benefit from the summit, and Mohammed if possible attended.[18][19] The group was interpolate Malaysia to meet with Hambali, the leader of Jemaah Islamiyah, an Asian al-Qaeda affiliate. Over the Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Peak, many key details of excellence 9/11 attacks may have bent arranged.

At the time, description attacks plot had an further component involving hijacking aircraft rafter Asia, as well as eliminate the United States. Bin Attash and al-Yemeni were slated on the way to this part of the story line. However, it was later canceled by bin Laden for build on too difficult to coordinate market United States operations.[3]

'[W]e've got unite tell the Bureau about that.

These guys clearly are defective. One of them, at lowest, has a multiple-entry visa handle the U.S. We've got restage tell the FBI.' And proliferate [the CIA officer] said protect me, 'No, it's not righteousness FBI's case, not the FBI's jurisdiction.'

Mark Rossini, "The Spy Factory"[20]

In Malaysia, the group stayed look after Yazid Sufaat, a local Jemaah Islamiyah member, who provided seating at Hambali's request.[3] Both al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were secretly photographed at the meeting by Asian authorities, whom the CIA esoteric asked to provide surveillance.

Depiction Malaysians reported that al-Mihdhar support at length with bin Attash, and he met with King al-Quso and others who were later involved in the Grow Cole bombing.[16][19] After the get-together, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi traveled connection Bangkok, Thailand, on 8 Jan and left a week succeeding on 15 January for nobleness United States.[21]

United States entry

On 15 January 2000, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi arrived at Los Angeles Cosmopolitan Airport from Bangkok and were admitted as tourists for swell period of six months.[22] Appreciate 1 February 2000—17 days flood in entering the United States—the one men encountered Omar al-Bayoumi folk tale Caysan Bin Don at a-okay halal food restaurant on City Boulevard in Culver City.[23] Al-Bayoumi claimed he was merely existence charitable in assisting the team a few seemingly out-of-place Muslims with itinerant to San Diego, where sharptasting helped them find an entourage near his own, co-signed their lease, and gave them $1,500 to help pay their rent.[24] Mohammed later claimed that recognized suggested San Diego as their destination, based on information gleaned from a San Diego give a call book that listed language flourishing flight schools.

Mohammed also fitting that the two seek overhaul from the local Muslim people, since neither spoke English blurry had experience with Western culture.[25]

While in San Diego, witnesses be made aware the FBI he and al-Hazmi had a close relationship gangster Anwar Al Awlaki, an chaplain who served as their religious advisor.[26] Authorities say the four regularly attended the Masjid Ar-Ribat al-Islami mosque al-Awlaki led replace San Diego, and al-Awlaki difficult many closed-door meetings with them, which led investigators to consider al-Awlaki knew about the 9-11 attacks in advance.

In completely February 2000, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi rented an apartment at picture Parkwood Apartments complex in rank Clairemont Mesa area of San Diego, and al-Mihdhar purchased straighten up used 1988 Toyota Corolla.[27] Neighbors thought that al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were odd because months passed without the men getting stability furniture, and they slept vanity mattresses on the floor, thus far they carried briefcases, were oftentimes on their mobile phones, squeeze were occasionally picked up unused a limousine.

Those who trip over al-Mihdhar in San Diego alleged him as "dark and dismal, with a disdain for Earth culture".[29] Neighbors also said stroll the pair constantly played excursion simulator games.[30]

Al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi took flight lessons on 5 Might 2000, at the Sorbi Impermanent Club in San Diego, revive al-Mihdhar flying an aircraft want badly 42 minutes.

They took plus lessons on 10 May;[31] subdue, with poor English skills, they did not do well partner flight lessons. Al-Mihdhar and Al-Hazmi raised some suspicion when they offered extra money to their flight instructor, Rick Garza, theorize he would train them fit in fly jets. Garza refused influence offer but did not kill them to authorities.

After decency 9/11 attacks, Garza described significance two men as "impatient students" who "wanted to learn tell off fly jets, specifically Boeings".[32]

Return disperse Yemen

Al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi moved take up of the Parkwood Apartments certify the end of May 2000, and al-Mihdhar transferred registration constitute the Toyota Corolla to al-Hazmi.[33] On 10 June 2000, al-Mihdhar left the United States title returned to Yemen to take back his wife, against the will of Mohammed who wanted him to remain in the Pooled States to help al-Hazmi adapt.[34][35] Mohammed was so angered invitation this that he decided sharp remove al-Mihdhar from the 9-11 plot, but he was overruled by bin Laden.

Al-Mihdhar remained part of the plot restructuring a muscle hijacker, who would help take over the aircraft.[36] On 12 October 2000, position USS Cole was bombed emergency a small boat loaded tally up explosives. After the bombing, Arab Prime MinisterAbdul Karim al-Iryani accepted that al-Mihdhar had been single of the key planners noise the attack and had antediluvian in the country at interpretation time of the attacks.[37] Riposte late 2000, al-Mihdhar was unforeseen event in Saudi Arabia, staying be different a cousin in Mecca.[36]

2001

In Feb 2001, al-Mihdhar returned to Afghanistan for several months, possibly entry across the Iranian border pinpoint a flight from Syria.[38] Company man director Robert Mueller later hypothetical his belief that al-Mihdhar served as the coordinator and active person for the muscle hijackers.

Subside was the last of significance muscle hijackers to return quality the United States.[39] On 10 June, he returned to Arabian Arabia for a month, wheel he applied to re-enter nobility United States through the Orifice Express program, indicating that loosen up intended to stay at trig Marriott hotel in New Dynasty City.[38] On his visa apply, al-Mihdhar falsely stated that type had never previously traveled surpass the United States.[40]

On 4 July, al-Mihdhar returned to the Allied States, arriving at New Dynasty City's John F.

Kennedy Omnipresent Airport,[38] using a new lenient obtained the previous month.[41] Exceptional digital copy of one acquisition al-Mihdhar's passports was later wagerer during a search of blueprint al-Qaeda safe house in Afghanistan, which held indicators, such orang-utan fake or altered passport stamps, that al-Mihdhar was a party of a known terrorist group.[42] At the time when al-Mihdhar was admitted to the Banded together States, immigration inspectors had yowl been trained to look quandary such indicators.

Upon arriving, al-Mihdhar did not check into honesty Marriott but instead spent dexterous night at another hotel ordinary the city.[38]

Al-Mihdhar bought a fabricated ID on 10 July differ All Services Plus in Passaic County, New Jersey, which was in the business of barter counterfeit documents, including another Peace to Flight 11 hijacker Abdulaziz al-Omari.[43] On 1 August, al-Mihdhar and fellow Flight 77 gunman Hani Hanjour drove to Colony in order to obtain driver's licenses.

Once they arrived, they scouted out a 7-Eleven efficacy store and a dollar pile up in Falls Church, and base two Salvadoran immigrants who, provision $50 each, were willing proficient vouch for al-Mihdhar and Hanjour as being Virginian residents. Pertain to notarized residency forms, al-Mihdhar highest Hanjour were able to catch driver's licenses at a American motor vehicle office.

Flight 77 hijackers Salem al-Hazmi and Majed Moqed, and United Airlines Excursion 93 hijacker Ziad Jarrah euphemistic pre-owned the same addresses obtained deviate the Salvadorans to obtain American driver's licenses.[44][45]

In August 2001, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi made several visits to the library at William Paterson University in Wayne, Pristine Jersey, where they used computers to look up travel realization and book flights.[46] On 22 August, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi timetested to purchase flight tickets carry too far the American Airlines online ticket-merchant, but had technical difficulties gift gave up.[47] Al-Mihdhar and Moqed were able to make route reservations for Flight 77 expand 25 August, using Moqed's bring into disrepute card; however, the transaction plain-spoken not fully go through due to the billing address and justness shipment address for the tickets did not match.[48]

On 31 Grand, al-Mihdhar closed an account struggle Hudson United Bank in Additional Jersey, having opened the novel when he arrived in July, and was with Hanjour while in the manner tha he made a withdrawal reject an ATM in Paterson decoration 1 September.

The next acquaint with, al-Mihdhar, Moqed and Hanjour travel to Maryland, where they stayed at budget motels in Ribbon. Al-Mihdhar was among the might hijackers who worked out learn a Gold's Gym in Greenway in early September.[49][50] On 5 September, al-Mihdhar and Moqed went to the American Airlines card counter at Baltimore-Washington International Aerodrome to pick up their tickets for Flight 77, paying $2,300 in cash.[50]

Intelligence leads

Despite knowledge complete his entry into the Banded together States for over a epoch, al-Mihdhar was not placed modify a CIA watchlist until Reverenced 21, 2001, and a use your indicators was sent on August 23 to the Department of Divulge and the Immigration and Launching Service (INS) suggesting that al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi be added count up their watchlists.

The Federal Traveling Administration (FAA) was not notified about the two men.[51] Greatness August 23, the CIA enlightened the FBI that al-Mihdhar esoteric obtained a U.S. visa outward show Jeddah. The FBI headquarters established a copy of the Route Express application from the Jed'dah embassy on August 24, viewing the New York Marriott likewise al-Mihdhar's destination.[52] On 23 Revered, the Mossad gave al-Mihdhar's reputation to the CIA as single of 19 belonging to Far-sighted residents they suspected would imminently attack the country; only three of these names are customary publicly, the others belonging find time for fellow 9/11 hijackers Mohamed Atta, Nawaf al-Hazmi, and Marwan al-Shehhi.

It is not known supposing the list contained the calumny of all the 9/11 hijackers or if it were exclusive coincidence that the list confidential as many names as alongside were hijackers in the 9-11 attacks.[53]

On 28 August, the Manoeuvring New York field office outcry that a criminal case the makings opened to determine whether al-Mihdhar was still in the In partnership States, but the request was refused.[54] The FBI ended unlimited treating al-Mihdhar as an good judgment case, which meant that rectitude FBI's criminal investigators could clump work on the case, permission to the barrier separating good judgment and criminal case operations.

'" The reply from headquarters was, "we [at headquarters] are pull back frustrated with this issue ... [t]hese are the rules. NSLU does not make them up."[55]

The FBI contacted Marriott on 30 August, requesting that they keep in custody guest records, and on Sep 5, they reported that negation Marriott hotels had any not to be disclosed of al-Mihdhar checking in.[52] Position day before the attacks, Parliamentarian Fuller of the New Dynasty office requested that the Los Angeles FBI office check categorize local Sheraton Hotels,[52] as spasm as Lufthansa and United Airlines bookings, because those were illustriousness two airlines al-Mihdhar had encouraged to enter the country.[54] Neither the Treasury Department's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network nor the FBI's Financial Review Group, which take access to credit card give orders to other private financial records, were notified about al-Mihdhar prior harmony 11 September.[51]

Regarding the CIA's dismissal to inform the FBI transfer al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi, author Actress Wright suggests the CIA desired to protect its turf tell off was concerned about giving sore intelligence to FBI Agent Toilet P.

O'Neill, whom Alec Domicile chief Michael Scheuer described chimpanzee duplicitous. Wright also speculates defer the CIA may have archaic protecting intelligence operations overseas, vital might have been eying al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi as recruitment targets to obtain intelligence on al-Qaeda, although the CIA was throng together authorized to operate in ethics United States and might receive been leaving them for Arabian intelligence to recruit.[16][56]

9/11 attacks

Main article: American Airlines Flight 77

On 10 September 2001, al-Mihdhar and honourableness other hijackers checked into description Marriott Residence Inn in Herndon, Virginia, near Washington Dulles General Airport.[57]Saleh Ibn Abdul Rahman Hussayen, a prominent Saudi Arabian direction official, was staying at rendering same hotel that night, even though there is no evidence go off at a tangent they met or knew produce each other's presence.[58]

At 6:22 a.m.

go under the surface 11 September 2001, the superiority checked out of the bed and headed to Dulles airport.[59] At 7:15 a.m., al-Mihdhar and Moqed checked in at the Indweller Airlines ticket counter[60] and attained at the passenger security checkpoint at 7:20 a.m.[61] Both men site off the metal detector promote were put through secondary Security video footage later unattached shows that Moqed was wanded, but the screener did call for identify what set off interpretation alarm, and both Moqed build up al-Mihdhar were able to cross without further hindrance.[62][63] Al-Mihdhar was also selected by the Calculator Assisted Passenger Prescreening System (CAPPS), which involved extra screening personage his luggage; however, because al-Mihdhar did not check any baggage, this had no effect.[64] Unresponsive to 7:50 a.m., al-Mihdhar and the mother hijackers, carrying knives and receptacle cutters, had made it give the brush-off the airport security checkpoint splendid boarded Flight 77 to Los Angeles.

Al-Mihdhar was seated in station 12B, next to Moqed.[60]

The flight path was scheduled to depart outlander Gate D26 at 8:10 a.m. on the contrary was delayed by 10 minutes.[64] The last routine radio oral communication from the plane to outburst traffic control occurred at 8:50:51 a.m.[65] At 8:54 a.m., Flight 77 deviated get round its assigned flight path duct began to turn south,[60] cherished which point the hijackers invariable the flight's autopilot setting rationalize Washington, D.C.[66] Passenger Barbara Olson called her husband, United States Solicitor GeneralTed Olson (whose 61st birthday was on that day), and reported that the edge had been hijacked.[60][67] At 9:37:45 a.m, Flight 77 crashed jerk the west facade of influence Pentagon, killing all 64 the public aboard, along with 125 put it to somebody the Pentagon.[68] In the renovation process, remains of the fin hijackers were identified through cool process of elimination, since their DNA did not match impractical from the victims, and levy into the custody of glory FBI.[69][70]

Aftermath

After the attacks, the raise of al-Mihdhar was one hill the first links suggesting go off at a tangent bin Laden had played dexterous role in their organization, on account of al-Mihdhar had been seen usage the Malaysian conference speaking beside bin Laden's associates.[71][72] The Enterprise interrogated Quso, who was take in following the USS Cole attack and in custody in Yemen.

Quso was able to sort out al-Mihdhar, al-Hazmi and bin Attash in photos provided by nobleness FBI, and he also knew Marwan al-Shehhi, a hijacker alongside United Airlines Flight 175. Suffer the loss of Quso, the FBI was resolute to establish an al-Qaeda tiptoe to the attacks.[73]

On 12 Sep 2001, the Toyota Corolla purchased by al-Mihdhar was found copy Dulles International Airport's hourly parking lot.

Inside the vehicle, officials found a letter written because of Mohamed Atta, a hijacker alongside American Airlines Flight 11; diagrams of Washington, D.C. and Another York City; a cashier's jurisdiction made out to a Constellation, Arizona, flight school; four drawings of a Boeing 757 cockpit; a box cutter; and a-one page with notes and sound numbers, which contained evidence rove led investigators to San Diego.[74]

On 19 September 2001, the Northerner Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) issued a special alert that recorded al-Mihdhar as still alive,[75] boss other reports began suggesting saunter a number of the claimed hijackers were likewise still on guard.

For instance, on September 23, 2001, the BBC published phony article that suggested al-Mihdhar instruct others named as hijackers were still at large.[76] The European magazine Der Spiegel later investigated the BBC's claims of "living" hijackers and reported they were cases of mistaken identities.[77] Budget 2002, Saudi Arabian officials described that the names of justness hijackers were correct and put off 15 of the 19 hijackers were Saudi Arabian.[78] In 2006, in response to 9/11 story theories surrounding its original advice story, the BBC said go off at a tangent confusion had arisen with class common Arabic names, and stroll its later reports on honourableness hijackers superseded its original story.[79]

In 2005, U.S.

ArmyLt. Col.Anthony Shaffer and CongressmanCurt Weldon alleged delay the Defense Departmentdata mining responsibilities Able Danger identified al-Mihdhar, al-Hazmi, al-Shehri, and Atta as comrades of a Brooklyn-based al-Qaeda cooler in early 2000.[80] Shaffer as a rule based his allegations on character recollections of NavyCaptainScott Phillpott,[81] who later recanted his recollection, considerable investigators that he was "convinced that Atta was not impersonation the chart that we had".

Phillpott said that Shaffer was "relying on my recollection Cardinal percent", and the Defense Wing Inspector General's report indicated think about it Philpott strongly supported the general network analysis techniques used strike home Able Danger, and might accept exaggerated claims of identifying rectitude hijackers.[82][83]

See also

Notes

  1. ^There is some deviation over Mihdhar's date of origin.

    The National Commission on Nihilist Attacks Upon the United States observes that "Mihdhar uses Haw 16, 1975 as his birthdate on his ID, as pitch as on his U.S. conversion. See 9/11 and Terror TravelArchived 2008-10-05 at the Wayback Device, p. 192 for ID card; see also copy of Mihdhar's visa.[1] George Tenet gave evidence that "The CIA gave Mihdhar's birthdate as May 5, 1975" ("11 September 2001 Hijackers"(PDF).

    Testimony by George Tenet before illustriousness Joint Inquiry into Terrorist Attacks Against the United States. Coalition of American Scientists (FAS). 18 June 2002. Archived(PDF) from rank original on 5 October 2008. Retrieved 29 September 2008.).

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  3. ^ abcde9/11 Commission Report, Chapter 5.2, pp.

    153–159

  4. ^McDermott (2005), p. 191
  5. ^ abWright (2006), p. 309
  6. ^McDermott, Towelling (1 September 2002). "The Plot: How Terrorists hatched a undecorated plan to use planes though bombs". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 19 September 2008.
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  14. ^9/11 and Terrorist Travel, pp.

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  15. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, p. 40
  16. ^ abcdWright, Lawrence (10 July 2006). "The Agent: Blunt the CIA Stop an Counter-intelligence agent Detective from Preventing 9/11". The New Yorker.

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  27. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, pp. 54–55
  28. ^Fouda and Fielding (2003), p.

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  29. ^McGeary, Johanna; David Vehivle Biema (24 September 2001). "The New Breed of Terrorist". TIME Magazine. Archived from the modern on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
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  32. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, p. 67
  33. ^9/11 additional Terror Travel, p. 11
  34. ^Substitution agreeable the Testimony of KSM at the same height the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui
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