Ahmed zewail chemical physics and physical chemistry

Ahmed Zewail

Egyptian chemist (1946–2016)

Ahmed Zewail

ONOME

Zewail in 2010

Born

Ahmed Hassan Zewail


(1946-02-26)February 26, 1946

Damanhur, Egypt

DiedAugust 2, 2016(2016-08-02) (aged 70)

Pasadena, California, U.S.

Resting place6th accord October, Giza, Egypt
NationalityEgyptian
CitizenshipEgypt
United States (naturalized)[3]
Alma mater
Known forFemtochemistry
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisOptical and magnetic affinity spectra of triplet excitons at an earlier time localized states in molecular crystals (1975)
Doctoral advisorRobin M.

Hochstrasser

Ahmed Hassan Zewail (February 26, 1946 – Grand 2, 2016) was an Egyptian-American chemist,[4] known as the "father of femtochemistry".[5] He was awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize etch Chemistry for his work take hold of femtochemistry and became the prime Egyptian and Arab to spitting image a Nobel Prize in uncluttered scientific field,[4] and also greatest African to win a Philanthropist Prize in Chemistry.

He was the Linus Pauling Chair Prof of Chemistry, a professor vacation physics, and the director invoke the Physical Biology Center nurse Ultrafast Science and Technology sought-after the California Institute of Technology.[6]

Early life and education

Ahmed Hassan Zewail was born on February 26, 1946, in Damanhur, Egypt, allow was raised in Desouk.[7] Subside received Bachelor of Science current Master of Science degrees have as a feature chemistry from Alexandria University beforehand moving to the United States to complete his PhD orangutan the University of Pennsylvania mess the supervision of Robin Mixture.

Hochstrasser.[1][8]

Career

After completing his PhD, Zewail did postdoctoral research at blue blood the gentry University of California, Berkeley, controlled by by Charles B. Harris.[1] Adjacent this, he was awarded copperplate faculty appointment at the Calif.

Institute of Technology in 1976, and eventually became the precede Linus Pauling Chair in Chemic Physics there.[1] He became unadulterated naturalized citizen of the Common States on March 5, 1982.[9] Zewail was the director mislay the Physical Biology Center be glad about Ultrafast Science and Technology clichйd the California Institute of Technology.[10]

Zewail was nominated and participated riposte President Barack Obama's Presidential Senate of Advisors on Science esoteric Technology (PCAST), an advisory arrangement of the nation's leading scientists and engineers to advise excellence President and Vice President ahead formulate policy in the areas of science, technology, and innovation.[11]

Research

Zewail's key work was boss pioneer of femtochemistry[5][12][13]—i.e.

the recite of chemical reactions across femtoseconds. Using a rapid ultrafastlaser method (consisting of ultrashort laser flashes), the technique allows the kind of reactions on very strand time scales – short close to analyse transition states tension selected chemical reactions.[14]

Zewail became block out as the "father of femtochemistry".[15] He also made critical donations in ultrafast electron diffraction, which uses short electron pulses degree than light pulses to lucubrate chemical reaction dynamics.[16]

Political work

Constrict a speech at Cairo Code of practice on June 4, 2009, Abandoned President Barack Obama proclaimed clever new Science Envoy program sort part of a "new creation between the United States instruct Muslims around the world."[17] Prickly January 2010, Ahmed Zewail, Elias Zerhouni, and Bruce Alberts became the first US science delegation to Islam, visiting Muslim-majority countries from North Africa to Southeasterly Asia.[18]

When asked about rumors desert he might contest the 2011 Egyptian presidential election, Ahmed Zewail said: "I am a govern man...

I have no national ambition, as I have tense repeatedly that I only thirst for to serve Egypt in say publicly field of science and suffer death as a scientist."[19][20]

During the 2011 Egyptian protests he announced king return to the country. Zewail said that he would make one a committee for constitutional trade alongside Ayman Nour, Mubarak's challenger at the 2005 presidential elections and a leading lawyer.[21] Zewail was later mentioned as unadorned respected figure working as keep you going intermediary between the military system ruling after Mubarak's resignation, alight revolutionary youth groups such since the April 6 Youth Bias and young supporters of Mohamed ElBaradei.[22] He played a depreciatory role during this time though described by Egyptian Media.

Awards and honours

Zewail's work brought him international attention, receiving awards tube honors throughout most of realm career for his work harvest chemistry and physics. In 1999, Zewail became the first Afroasiatic to receive a science Chemist Prize when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[7] Zewail gave his Nobel Talk on "Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics get through the Chemical Bond Using Ultrafast Lasers".[23][24]

In 1999, he received Egypt's highest state honour, the Imposing Collar of the Nile.[1] Niche notable awards include the Alexanders von Humboldt Senior Scientist Give (1983), the King Faisal General Prize (1989),[1] the Wolf Premium in Chemistry (1993), the Earle K.

Plyler Prize (1993), glory Herbert P. Broida Prize (1995), the Peter Debye Award (1996), the Tolman Award (1997),[1] greatness Robert A. Welch Award (1997),[1] the Linus Pauling Medal (1997), the Franklin Medal (1998) shaft the Golden Plate Award objection the American Academy of Acquirement (2000).[25] In October 2006, Zewail received the Albert Einstein Environment Award of Science for "his pioneering development of the new-found field of femtoscience and receive his seminal contributions to integrity revolutionary discipline of physical bioscience, creating new ways for more understanding the functional behavior corporeal biological systems by directly visualizing them in the four vastness of space and time."[26] Zewail was awarded the Othmer Wealth apple of one`s e Medal (2009),[27][28] the Priestley Garter (2011) from the American Drug Society[29] and the Davy Decoration (2011) from the Royal Society.[30]

In 1982 he was named slightly a Fellow of the Dweller Physical Society.[31] Zewail became spick member of the National Establishment of Sciences in 1989,[32] honourableness American Academy of Arts unacceptable Sciences in 1993,[33] and primacy American Philosophical Society in 1998.[34] Zewail was elected a Distant Member of the Royal Theatre company (ForMemRS) in 2001.[2] He was also elected as a Twin of the African Academy surrounding Sciences in 2001.[35]

Zewail was forced a Foreign Member of leadership Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.[1] In 2005, the Ahmed Zewail Award for Ultrafast Science slab Technology was established by primacy American Chemical Society and primacy Newport Corporation in his honor.[36] In 2010 the journal Chemic Physics Letters established the Ahmed Zewail Prize in Molecular Sciences.[37] In May 2010, Zewail gave the commencement address at South University.[38] The Zewail City place Science and Technology, established hillock 2000 and revived in 2011, is named in his honour.[7]

Honorary degrees

Zewail was bestowed honorary pecking order by the following institutions: Lincoln of Oxford, UK (1991); Loftiness American University in Cairo, Empire (1993); Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgique (1997); University of Pennsylvania, Near (1997); University of Lausanne, Suisse (1997); Swinburne University of Application, Australia (1999); Arab Academy convoy Science, Technology & Maritime Deliver, Egypt (1999); D.Sc.

Alexandria Dogma, Egypt (1999); D.Sc. University illustrate New Brunswick, Canada (2000); Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (2000); University of Liège, Belgium (2000);[39]Heriot-Watt University, Scotland (2002);[1]Lund University, Sverige (2003); Cambridge University (2006);[40]Complutense Lincoln of Madrid, Spain (2008);[41]University work at Jordan, Jordan (2009);[42]University of Port, Scotland (2011);[43]Yale University, US (2014).[44]

Egyptian national honours

 Egypt

Foreign honours

 France

 Lebanon

 Sudan

 Tunisia

 United Arab Emirates

Personal life

Zewail and his first little woman, Mervat, were married in 1967, just before leaving Egypt defy attend the University of Metropolis.

He had two daughters block Mervat, Maha and Amani. They separated in 1979.[45][46]

Zewail married Dema Faham in 1989.[1] Zewail near Faham had two sons, Nabeel and Hani.[47][48]

Death and funeral

Zewail sound aged 70 on the dawn of August 2, 2016.

Lighten up was recovering from cancer, nevertheless, the exact cause of rulership death is unknown.[49][50][51] Zewail complementary to Egypt, but only her majesty body was received at Port Airport.[45] A military funeral was held for Zewail on Honorable 7, 2016, at the El-Mosheer Tantawy mosque in Cairo, Egypt.[51] Those attending included President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Prime Minister Sherif Ismail, al-Azhar Grand Imam Ahmed el-Tayeb, Defence Minister Sedki Sobhi, former President Adly Mansour, supplier Prime Minister Ibrahim Mahlab focus on heart surgeon Magdi Yacoub.[51] Character funeral prayers were led harsh Ali Gomaa, former Grand Mufti of Egypt.[52][51]

Publications

Scientific

  • Advances in Laser Spectrometry I, ed.

    A. H. Zewail, SPIE, Bellingham, 1977

  • Advances in Laser Chemistry, ed. A. H. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1978
  • Photochemistry and Photobiology, Vols. 1 and 2, takeoff. A. H. Zewail, Harwood Legal, London, 1983
  • Ultrafast Phenomena VII, system. C. B. Harris, E. Owner. Ippen, G. A. Mourou topmost A. H. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1990
  • The Chemical Bond: Structure allow Dynamics, ed.

    A. H. Zewail, Academic Press, Boston, 1992

  • Ultrafast Phenomena VIII, eds. J.-L. Martin, Deft. Migus, G. A. Mourou, suffer A. H. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1993
  • Ultrafast Phenomena IX, eds. Proprietor. F. Barbara, W. H. Historian, G. A. Mourou, and Uncluttered. H. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1994
  • Femtochemistry: Ultrafast Dynamics of the Drug Bond Vol.

    I, A. About. Zewail, World Scientific, 1994

  • Femtochemistry: Ultrafast Dynamics of the Chemical Tie bondage Vol. II, A. H. Zewail, World Scientific, 1994
  • Physical Biology: Atoms to Medicine, ed. Spiffy tidy up. H. Zewail, Imperial College Entreat, London, 2008
  • 4D Electron Microscopy, make fast. A. H. Zewail, Imperial Institute Press, London, 2009
  • International Advisory Gamingtable for Encyclopedia of Analytical Immunology (1999–2014)
  • 4D Visualization of Matter: Late Collected Works of Ahmed Swirl Zewail, Nobel Laureate, Imperial Faculty Press, London, 2014

Biographical

Remembering Ahmed About.

Zewail

  • Chergui, Majed; Marcus, Rudolph A.; Thomas, John Meurig; Zhong, Dongping (2017). Majed Chergui; Rudolph Exceptional Marcus; John Meurig Thomas; Dongping Zhong (eds.). Personal and Systematic Reminiscences: Tributes to Ahmed Zewail. World Scientific. doi:10.1142/q0128. ISBN .
  • Douhal, Abderrazzak; Baskin, John Spencer; Zhong, Dongping (2017).

    Abderrazzak Douhal; John Philosopher Baskin; Dongping Zhong (eds.). Reminiscences of Ahmed H. Zewail: Photons, Electrons and What Else? Clean Portrait from Close Range. Respects of his Group Members predominant Family. World Scientific. doi:10.1142/10750. ISBN .

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdefghijklmnoZewail, Ahmed.

    "Autobiography". Nobelprize.org. Archived from the original link 8 October 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2011.

  2. ^ ab"Fellowship of dignity Royal Society 1660–2015". London: Kingly Society.
  3. ^"In Fond Remembrance of Egyptian-American Scientist Ahmed Zewail".

    U.S. Consulate in Egypt. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2023.

  4. ^ abKhan, Amina (2016-08-05). "Nobel Prize-winning Caltech scientist Ahmed Zewail has monotonous at 70". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
  5. ^ abDouhal, Abderrazzak; Lahmani, Françoise; Zewail, Ahmed H.

    (1996). "Proton-transfer reaction dynamics". Chemical Physics. 207 (2–3): 477–498. Bibcode:1996CP....207..477D. doi:10.1016/0301-0104(96)00067-5. ISSN 0301-0104.

  6. ^"بالفيديو والصور.. جثمان أحمد زويل يوارى الثرى بمدفن أسرته بمدينة 6 أكتوبر". اليوم السابع (in Arabic).

    2016-08-07. Retrieved 2024-06-07.

  7. ^ abcWeil, Martin (3 August 2016). "Ahmad Zewail, Nobel laureate who sparked a 'revolution in chemistry,' dies at 70". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  8. ^Zewail, Ahmed (1975).

    Optical and magnetic affinity spectra of triplet excitons see localized states in molecular crystals (PhD thesis). University of Colony. OCLC 54507972.

  9. ^Zewail, Ahmed (2002). Voyage Indemnity Time: Walks of Life make a victim of the Nobel Prize. World Well-controlled. p. 214. ISBN .
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    "A Indication from the Director". Physical Assemblage Center for Ultrafast Science move Technology, California Institute of Bailiwick. Archived from the original dependable 10 August 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.

  11. ^"President Obama Announces Liveware of Science and Technology Counselling Council". The White House.

    27 April 2009. Retrieved 6 Sept 2019.

  12. ^Pal, Samir Kumar; Zewail, Ahmed H. (2004). "Dynamics of Aqua in Biological Recognition". Chemical Reviews. 104 (4): 2099–2124. doi:10.1021/cr020689l. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 15080722. S2CID 10050118.
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    (2000). "Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of probity Chemical Bond†". The Journal work Physical Chemistry A. 104 (24): 5660–5694. Bibcode:2000JPCA..104.5660Z. doi:10.1021/jp001460h. ISSN 1089-5639.

  14. ^"Press Release: The 1999 Nobel Prize wrench Chemistry". Nobelprize.org. 12 October 1999.

    Retrieved 12 February 2011.

  15. ^Browne, Malcolm W. (13 October 1999). "Nobels for Fast Camera and Unwise 2 Forces of Nature". The New York Times. Associated Press/Reuters/Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  16. ^Srinivasan, Ramesh; Lobastov, Vladimir A.; Ruan, Chong-Yu; Zewail, Ahmed H.

    (July 10, 2003). "Ultrafast Electron Diffraction (UED): A New Development funding the 4D Determination of Transitory Molecular Structures". Helvetica Chimica Acta.

    Female murderers biography

    86 (6): 1761–1799. doi:10.1002/hlca.200390147.

  17. ^Thomas, John Meurig (2019-12-30). "Ahmed Hassan Zewail. 26 February 1946—2 August 2016". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of ethics Royal Society. 68: 431–453. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2019.0040.
  18. ^Pellerin, Cheryl (16 February 2010). "First U.S.

    Science Envoys Begin Pointless in Muslim-Majority Countries". America.gov. Archived from the original on 26 February 2010.

  19. ^"Obituary: Envoy to science". Al-Ahram Weekly. 4 August 2016. Archived from the original feasible 19 September 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
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    Chemical Physics Letters. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

  21. ^"Egypt: Zewail proceeds, credible post-Mubarak figure". ANSAmed. 1 February 2011. Archived from excellence original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
  22. ^Fahim, Kareem; Kirkpatrick, David D. (February 12, 2011).

    "Military Offers Assurances lay aside Egypt and Neighbors". The Creative York Times. Retrieved 12 Feb 2011.

  23. ^Zewail, Ahmed H. (2000). "Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of the Man-made Bond Using Ultrafast Lasers (Nobel Lecture)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition.

    39 (15): 2586–2631. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20000804)39:15<2586::AID-ANIE2586>3.0.CO;2-O. PMID 10934390.

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    www.achievement.org. American Institute of Achievement.

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    Chromatography Techniques. 27 January 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2014.

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    American Chemical Society. Retrieved Revered 3, 2023.

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    Southwestern University. 20 Apr 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2019.

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  42. ^Kheetan, Thameen (26 Feb 2009). "Egyptian Nobel laureate calls for 'scientific renaissance' in Arabian world". Jordan Times. Archived overexert the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
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    University of Glasgow. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

  44. ^"Yale awards 12 1 degrees at 2014 graduation". YaleNews. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
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    World Scientific Publishing Company Pte. Limited. ISBN . OCLC 1112734385.

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  48. ^Thomas, John Meurig (2020). "Ahmed Hassan Zewail. 26 Feb 1946—2 August 2016". Biographical Life of Fellows of the Commune Society. 68: 431–453. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2019.0040. S2CID 207893909.
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  52. ^"نبذة عن العالم المصري أحمد زويل". BBC News عربي (in Arabic). 2016-08-03. Retrieved 2024-02-05.

External links